Asbestos Fibers

Long or even short exposure to asbestos fibers can increase the risk of mesothelioma cancer and some other asbestos related disease. In the past decades, over 28,500,000 peoples are been exposed to asbestos fibers at work at their companies. If you or some of your family was ever been exposed to the asbestos, you may develop some of the asbestos related cancer form.

See also:
- How asbestos fibres damage lung tissue and lead to mesothelioma cancer
- Asbestos and Its Diseases (e-book) 

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ADAO 2007; The Year of Action against Asbestos

Adao is one of the most famous and the most committed organizations for the fight against the use of asbestos and mesothelioma disease.
Their motto is - You Are Not Alone. Join ADAO and “"Share Your Story" community, and tell about how you or your loved one has been affected by any of the asbestos related disease like asbestosis,lung cancer and mesothelioma.

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Testimony of Dr. Laura S. Welch - part II

OVERVIEW OF ASBESTOS RELATED DISEASE

"There are several medical diseases that occur as a result of asbestos exposure. The ones of greatest concern and importance are pleural plaques and thickening; asbestosis; lung cancer; colon, laryngeal, pharyngeal cancer; and mesothelioma. For many workers, these diseases are disabling or fatal. For each disease there is a standard set of tests, and generally accepted criteria, for diagnosis.

Pleural Plaques and Thickening
Pleural plaques are also called pleural fibrosis, pleural thickening, and pleural asbestosis. A majority of persons with heavy exposure to asbestos develop pleural abnormalities. The pleura is a thin lining that surrounds the lung. Asbestos fibers that are breathed into the lung are transported to the outside of the lung and cause a scar to form in the pleural lining. When these scars reach a certain size they are visible on chest x ray as a plaque.

Most of these plaques alone do not cause disability, but they do tell us that significant exposure has occurred, and that other asbestos related diseases may be present. However, some types of plaques can cause loss of lung function. Scars that involve the costophrenic angle, the angle between the base of the lung and the diaphragm, can cause loss of lung function, as can extensive plaques on both sides of the lung.

Parenchymal Asbestosis (Pulmonary Asbestosis)
Parenchymal asbestosis is a scar formation in the substance of the lung itself. These scars can interfere with lung function, for they block the transport of oxygen from the air in the lungs into the blood vessels that travel through the lungs. Oxygen can only cross the membranes of the lung if they are thin; asbestosis causes them to thicken. As a general rule the greater the exposure the more the disease, i.e. there is a dose-response relationship between exposure and disease. However, some people seem to form scars more readily and so we see a variety of disease from the same level of exposure. These scars are visible on x ray in most cases but certainly not all cases. High resolution CT scan of the chest can find disease not seen on a plain chest x-ray, and is becoming an important component of the standard practice for the diagnosis of asbestosis. The International Labor Organization developed a way of grading chest x-rays for dust diseases of the lung. The most recent version is the1980 Classification of the Radiographic Appearance of Pneumoconioses (dust diseases of the lung). This system is accepted around the world. It provides a standard notation, so that if one reader calls a film a “1/1” another reader will know what the first reader is referring to. The classification uses a 12-point scale to define the degree, or severity, of increased lung markings. Classification of pleural changes (involvement of the membrane lining the chest wall and the lung) uses a separate scale, with specific notations made for side of the chest, whether or not the plaques contain calcium deposits, and the specific type, length, and width of the thickening of the pleura.

This 12-point scale runs from 0/- to 3/+; a “0” film is normal and a “3” film is the most severe scarring. Each reading on the scale is characterized by a number between 0 and 3, and a second number, separated by “/”. The first number, preceding the “/”, is the final number assigned to that film by that reader. The second number, following the “/”, is a qualifier. The numbers 0, 1, 2, and 3 are the main categories. An x-ray read as a category 1 film might be described as 1/0, 1/1, or 1/ 2. When the reader uses 1/1, he is rating the film as a 1, and only considered it as a 1 film. If he uses 1/0, he is saying is rating the film as a “1”, but considered calling it a “0” film before deciding it was category 1. Finally, when the reader uses 1/2, he is saying he is rating the film as a “1”, but did consider calling it a “2” film. In clinical practice, any category “1” film is abnormal; therefore a 1/0 film is consistent with asbestosis.

Even though the ILO system was designed to standardize reading x-rays for asbestosis, studies using the classification in asbestos exposed workers have found readers often disagree about classification of the same x-rays. Using the classification is somewhat of an art. Body size, weight, position of the person during the x-ray, and x-ray technique affect the amount of scarring that is visible on an x-ray. If an x-ray is less than perfect, one reader may think he can be sure scarring is present, while another cannot be sure and grades the film with a lower score for scarring.

The “best” readers agree 80% of the time with each other; 20% of the time they assign a different score to the same x-ray. If the scarring is extensive, a difference of one grade on the scale is not important. But if the x-ray shows less extensive scarring, a difference of one grade can be the difference between making diagnosis of asbestosis or deciding asbestosis is not present. For this reason experts agree that the x-ray alone should not be used to make a diagnosis of asbestosis; the examining physician should use the occupational and medical history, results of pulmonary function testing, and other medical data to reach a diagnosis. Experts also agree that asbestosis can be present in the lung even though the x-ray is normal using the ILO classification system.

High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is now widely accepted as a diagnostic tool for asbestosis and asbestos-related pleural scarring. HRCT is an excellent technique for diagnosis of asbestosis and asbestos-related plaque. Recent studies show that readers using a scoring index were more accurate and reliable in the diagnosis of asbestosis that when using plain chest x-rays. This study concluded that “the examined HRCT scoring method proved to be a simple, reliable, and reproducible method for classifying lung fibrosis and diagnosing asbestosis also in large populations with occupational disease, and it would be possible to use it as a part of an international classification”. Expert consensus supports this conclusion.

Disease from asbestos is also detected on pulmonary function testing, and PFTs are used to quantity the level of lung impairment due to asbestosis. Asbestosis makes the lung stiffer and smaller, so the volume of air in the lungs is decreased. Oxygen transport as measured by the diffusion capacity is also decreased. Abnormalities are measured using spirometry, lung volumes, and gas exchange testing. Spirometry is reliable and reproducible when performed according to the specifications set by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) . Determination of lung volumes can be done by the gas dilution method or by body plethysmography; both are standard measures and also are reliable and reproducible. The ATS also sets standards for diffusion capacity , which ensure uniformity among laboratories and reproducibility.

Asbestosis can affect each of these tests without necessarily showing an abnormality in the other two. Spirometry and total lung capacity both measure lung volume, but one may be abnormal while the second remains normal. The diffusion capacity measures a decrease in oxygen exchange in the lung, and so is measuring a different function of the lung than lung volumes. Asbestosis can just as easily be manifest with a decreased lung volume or a decrease in gas exchange; neither is a better, more sensitive or more accurate test, and both types of tests must be used in any set of diagnostic criteria. The diffusion capacity has been shown to correlate with the severity of fibrosis found on pathologic examination of the lung, and a reduction in diffusion capacity can precede x-ray changes.

The changes in pulmonary function at times can be subtle, and test results should be interpreted by someone with experience in asbestos related diseases. Pulmonary exercise testing can be used to clarify subtle abnormalities, and any compensation system must allow the examining physician to submit a medical report and rationale based on accepted medical tests. Because the diagnosis of asbestosis or any other asbestos-related disease can be made with a range of medical tests, it is essential that any compensation system include a medical panel to review cases that do not meet the most common diagnostic criteria. As just one example of a study that supports the need for a medical panel, Kipen reported that 18% of insulators who had asbestosis found on pathological examination the lung had a normal chest x-ray . If we were to require a 1/0 film in all cases of asbestosis, these workers would be excluded. Pathological examination is not required in the absence of x-ray abnormalities; a combination of CT scan and exercise testing can reasonably approximate the specificity as tissue examination.

Once this scar formation takes place it is irreversible. It gets worse in some cases, even after exposure stops. Factors that are associated with worsening scarring include the severity of disease (the more the scarring, the more likely it is to get worse), and the amount and intensity of exposure to asbestos. Because of the damage to the lungs a person with asbestosis is at increased risk of lung infections and so should get regular medical care and influenza vaccines."



Testimony of Dr. Laura S. Welch - Part I
Testimony of Dr. Laura S. Welch - Part III

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Significant Occupational Exposure Rating

Ref. No.	Occupation	Industry
5001	Boiler Coverers	Aerospace/Aviation
5002	Boiler Inspector	Aerospace/Aviation
5003	Boiler Insulator	Aerospace/Aviation
5004	Boiler Maker	Aerospace/Aviation
5005	Boiler Mechanic Helper	Aerospace/Aviation
5006	Boiler Operator	Aerospace/Aviation
5007	Boiler Plant Operator	Aerospace/Aviation
5008	Boiler Repair	Aerospace/Aviation
5009	Boiler Supervisor	Aerospace/Aviation
5010	Boiler Technician	Aerospace/Aviation
5011	Boiler Tender	Aerospace/Aviation
5012	Boiler Tester	Aerospace/Aviation
5013	Boiler Washer	Aerospace/Aviation
5014	Boiler Worker	Aerospace/Aviation
5015	Boilermaid	Aerospace/Aviation
5016	Boilermaker	Aerospace/Aviation
5017	Boilermaker Helper	Aerospace/Aviation
5018	Boilermaker Supervisor	Aerospace/Aviation
5019	Boilerman	Aerospace/Aviation
5020	Boilers Mfg. Plant Worker	Aerospace/Aviation
5021	Boilertender	Aerospace/Aviation
4	Brake Line,Shoe Installer,Repairman	Aerospace/Aviation
5022	Burner	Aerospace/Aviation
5023	Burner Helper	Aerospace/Aviation
5024	Insulation Helper	Aerospace/Aviation
5025	Insulator	Aerospace/Aviation
5026	Insulator Helper	Aerospace/Aviation
5027	Insulator Helper/Apprentice	Aerospace/Aviation
5028	Insulator's Helper	Aerospace/Aviation
5029	Lagger	Aerospace/Aviation
5030	Millwright	Aerospace/Aviation
5031	Pipe Coverer	Aerospace/Aviation
5032	Pipe Insulator	Aerospace/Aviation
5033	Pipe Welder	Aerospace/Aviation
15	Pipefitter	Aerospace/Aviation
5034	Pipefitter's Helper	Aerospace/Aviation
5035	Plumber	Aerospace/Aviation
5036	Refractory Insulator	Aerospace/Aviation
5037	Sheetmetal Worker	Aerospace/Aviation
20	Steamfitter	Aerospace/Aviation
21	Welder	Aerospace/Aviation
5038	Welder Helper	Aerospace/Aviation
5039	Welder's Helper	Aerospace/Aviation
22	Abatement Worker	Asbestos Abatement
5040	Boiler Coverers	Asbestos Abatement
5041	Boiler Inspector	Asbestos Abatement
5042	Boiler Insulator	Asbestos Abatement
5043	Boiler Maker	Asbestos Abatement
5044	Boiler Mechanic Helper	Asbestos Abatement
5045	Boiler Operator	Asbestos Abatement
5046	Boiler Plant Operator	Asbestos Abatement
5047	Boiler Repair	Asbestos Abatement
5048	Boiler Supervisor	Asbestos Abatement
5049	Boiler Technician	Asbestos Abatement
5050	Boiler Tender	Asbestos Abatement
5051	Boiler Tester	Asbestos Abatement
5052	Boiler Washer	Asbestos Abatement
5053	Boiler Worker	Asbestos Abatement
5054	Boilermaid	Asbestos Abatement
5055	Boilermaker	Asbestos Abatement
5056	Boilermaker Helper	Asbestos Abatement
5057	Boilermaker Supervisor	Asbestos Abatement
5058	Boilerman	Asbestos Abatement
5059	Boilers Mfg. Plant Worker	Asbestos Abatement
5060	Boilertender	Asbestos Abatement
5061	Burner	Asbestos Abatement
5062	Burner Helper	Asbestos Abatement
5063	Insulation Helper	Asbestos Abatement
5064	Insulator	Asbestos Abatement
5065	Insulator Helper	Asbestos Abatement
5066	Insulator Helper/Apprentice	Asbestos Abatement
5067	Insulator's Helper	Asbestos Abatement
5068	Lagger	Asbestos Abatement
5069	Millwright	Asbestos Abatement
5070	Pipe Coverer	Asbestos Abatement
5071	Pipe Insulator	Asbestos Abatement
5072	Pipe Welder	Asbestos Abatement
5073	Pipefitter	Asbestos Abatement
5074	Pipefitter's Helper	Asbestos Abatement
5075	Plumber	Asbestos Abatement
5076	Refractory Insulator	Asbestos Abatement
23	Ripout	Asbestos Abatement
5077	Sheetmetal Worker	Asbestos Abatement
5078	Steamfitter	Asbestos Abatement
5079	Welder	Asbestos Abatement
5080	Welder Helper	Asbestos Abatement
5081	Welder's Helper	Asbestos Abatement
24	Bagger	Asbestos Mining
25	Blender	Asbestos Mining
5082	Boiler Coverers	Asbestos Mining
5083	Boiler Inspector	Asbestos Mining
5084	Boiler Insulator	Asbestos Mining
5085	Boiler Maker	Asbestos Mining
5086	Boiler Mechanic Helper	Asbestos Mining
5087	Boiler Operator	Asbestos Mining
5088	Boiler Plant Operator	Asbestos Mining
5089	Boiler Repair	Asbestos Mining
5090	Boiler Supervisor	Asbestos Mining
5091	Boiler Technician	Asbestos Mining
5092	Boiler Tender	Asbestos Mining
5093	Boiler Tester	Asbestos Mining
5094	Boiler Washer	Asbestos Mining
5095	Boiler Worker	Asbestos Mining
5096	Boilermaid	Asbestos Mining
5097	Boilermaker	Asbestos Mining
5098	Boilermaker Helper	Asbestos Mining
5099	Boilermaker Supervisor	Asbestos Mining
5100	Boilerman	Asbestos Mining
5101	Boilers Mfg. Plant Worker	Asbestos Mining
5102	Boilertender	Asbestos Mining
5103	Burner	Asbestos Mining
5104	Burner Helper	Asbestos Mining
26	Car Loader	Asbestos Mining
27	Crusher Operator	Asbestos Mining
28	Driller	Asbestos Mining
29	Dryer Operator	Asbestos Mining
30	Heavy Equipment Operator	Asbestos Mining
5105	Insulation Helper	Asbestos Mining
5106	Insulator	Asbestos Mining
5107	Insulator Helper	Asbestos Mining
5108	Insulator Helper/Apprentice	Asbestos Mining
5109	Insulator's Helper	Asbestos Mining
31	Laboratory Technician	Asbestos Mining
32	Laborer	Asbestos Mining
5110	Lagger	Asbestos Mining
33	Mill Operator	Asbestos Mining
5111	Millwright	Asbestos Mining
34	Pack Hauler	Asbestos Mining
35	Packer	Asbestos Mining
36	Palletizer	Asbestos Mining
5112	Pipe Coverer	Asbestos Mining
5113	Pipe Insulator	Asbestos Mining
5114	Pipe Welder	Asbestos Mining
5115	Pipefitter	Asbestos Mining
5116	Pipefitter's Helper	Asbestos Mining
5117	Plumber	Asbestos Mining
5118	Refractory Insulator	Asbestos Mining
5119	Sheetmetal Worker	Asbestos Mining
5120	Steamfitter	Asbestos Mining
37	Truck Driver	Asbestos Mining
38	Weaver of Asbestos Fibers	Asbestos Mining
39	Welder	Asbestos Mining
5121	Welder Helper	Asbestos Mining
5122	Welder's Helper	Asbestos Mining
40	Aluminum Worker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
41	Asbestos Floor Supervisor	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
42	Asbestos Worker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
43	Assembly Line Worker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
45	Bag Opener	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
46	Bale Roller	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
47	Beaterman	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5123	Boiler Coverers	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5124	Boiler Inspector	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5125	Boiler Insulator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5126	Boiler Maker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5127	Boiler Mechanic Helper	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5128	Boiler Operator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5129	Boiler Plant Operator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5130	Boiler Repair	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5131	Boiler Supervisor	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5132	Boiler Technician	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5133	Boiler Tender	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5134	Boiler Tester	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5135	Boiler Washer	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5136	Boiler Worker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5137	Boilermaid	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
48	Boilermaker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5138	Boilermaker Helper	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5139	Boilermaker Supervisor	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5140	Boilerman	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5141	Boilers Mfg. Plant Worker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5142	Boilertender	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5143	Burner	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5144	Burner Helper	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
49	Carder of Asbestos Yarn	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
51	Crusher	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
52	Cutter	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
53	Design Engineer	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
54	Electrician	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
55	Fabricator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
56	Foreman	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
57	Forklift Operator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
58	Hopper Loader	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5145	Insulation Helper	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5146	Insulator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5147	Insulator Helper	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5148	Insulator Helper/Apprentice	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5149	Insulator's Helper	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
59	Laborer	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5150	Lagger	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
60	Loader	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
61	Machine Operator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
62	Maintenance	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
63	Millwright	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
64	Mixer	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
65	Molder	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
66	Operator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
67	Patcher	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
68	Piece Worker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5151	Pipe Coverer	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5152	Pipe Insulator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5153	Pipe Welder	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
69	Pipefitter	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5154	Pipefitter's Helper	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
70	Plant Worker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
71	Plumber	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
72	Production Engineer	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
73	Puncher of Asbestos Cement Pipes	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
74	Puncher of Flooring Materials	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
75	Puncher of Gaskets	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
76	Puncher of Millboard	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
77	Puncher of Reinforced Plastics	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
78	Puncher of Roofing Materials	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5155	Refractory Insulator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
79	Runner	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
80	Salesman	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
81	Saw Operator	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
82	Sheetmetal Worker	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
83	Spinner of Asbestos Cloths	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
84	Steamfitter	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
85	Stock Preparation	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
86	Tow Motor Driver	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
87	Trouble Shooter	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
88	Truck Driver	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
89	Warehouseman	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
90	Weaver of Asbestos Textiles	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
91	Welder	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5156	Welder Helper	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
5157	Welder's Helper	Asbestos Products Manufacturing
92	Assembler and installer of Brakes	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
93	Assembler of Clutches	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
95	Auto Mechanic	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5158	Boiler Coverers	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5159	Boiler Inspector	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5160	Boiler Insulator	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5161	Boiler Maker	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5162	Boiler Mechanic Helper	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5163	Boiler Operator	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5164	Boiler Plant Operator	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5165	Boiler Repair	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5166	Boiler Supervisor	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5167	Boiler Technician	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5168	Boiler Tender	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5169	Boiler Tester	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5170	Boiler Washer	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5171	Boiler Worker	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5172	Boilermaid	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5173	Boilermaker	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5174	Boilermaker Helper	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5175	Boilermaker Supervisor	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5176	Boilerman	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5177	Boilers Mfg. Plant Worker	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5178	Boilertender	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
99	Brake and Clutch Repairman	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
100	Brake Mechanic	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
101	Brake Worker	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
102	Brake Yard Worker	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5179	Burner	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5180	Burner Helper	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
106	Foundry Worker	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
108	Grinder	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5181	Insulation Helper	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
109	Insulator	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5182	Insulator Helper	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5183	Insulator Helper/Apprentice	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5184	Insulator's Helper	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
111	Iron Pourer	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5185	Lagger	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5186	Millwright	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5187	Pipe Coverer	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5188	Pipe Insulator	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5189	Pipe Welder	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
121	Pipefitter	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5190	Pipefitter's Helper	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
123	Plumber	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
125	Power House Mechanic	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5191	Refractory Insulator	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5192	Sheetmetal Worker	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
131	Steamfitter	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5193	Welder	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5194	Welder Helper	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
5195	Welder's Helper	Automotive/Mechanical Friction
141	Ash Puller	Chemical
142	Assembler	Chemical
143	B Operator	Chemical
144	Bale press operator	Chemical
145	Beamer	Chemical
5196	Boiler Coverers	Chemical
146	Boiler Inspector	Chemical
5197	Boiler Insulator	Chemical
5198	Boiler Maker	Chemical
5199	Boiler Mechanic Helper	Chemical
147	Boiler Operator	Chemical
5200	Boiler Plant Operator	Chemical
148	Boiler Repair	Chemical
149	Boiler Supervisor	Chemical
5201	Boiler Technician	Chemical
5202	Boiler Tender	Chemical
5203	Boiler Tester	Chemical
150	Boiler Washer	Chemical
5204	Boiler Worker	Chemical
5205	Boilermaid	Chemical
151

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Asbestos Claims Trust - Testimony of Dr. Laura S. Welch

Testimony of
Dr. Laura Stewart Welch
Medical Director
Center to Protect Workers Rights
June 4, 2003
(part I)

---

Testimony of Laura Welch,
MD Medical Director, Center to Protect Workers Rights
On Asbestos Related Diseases – Medical Criteria, Populations at Risk and Disease Projections
Before the Senate Judiciary Committee
June 4, 2003

"Chairman Hatch, Senator Leahy and members of the committee, I want to thank you for the opportunity to appear before the committee to testify on medical and diagnostic criteria for asbestos-related diseases.

MY BACKGROUND

My name is Laura S. Welch. I am a physician, board certified in internal medicine and occupational medicine, licensed to practice here in DC and in Maryland. For many years I have had an active medical practice and treated many workers with asbestos-related disorders. I am currently medical director for The Center To Protect Workers Rights, a research institute affiliated with the Building and Construction Trades department of the AFL-CIO. I am also the author of over 50 peer-reviewed publications and technical reports in the field of occupational and environmental medicine, and am currently an investigator on six research projects in the field. I have served as a consultant to many federal agencies, including OSHA, NIOSH, CDC and the NIH. I have special interest and experience in health and safety in the construction industry. I have worked with several union-management committees on health and safety issues, including Boeing-United Auto Workers, and Rail Management and Rail Labor for the US railroad industry. Since 1987 I have worked with the Sheet Metal Occupational Health Institute (SMOHIT), a labor-management trust for the unionized segment of the sheet metal industry. SMOHIT has sponsored a medical examination program for sheet metal workers in the United States and Canada, to detect occupational lung disease and asbestos-related disease in particular. I have published several papers describing the findings of asbestos-related disease in this group of construction workers , and am now looking at changes in patterns of disease over time in order to project disease rates into the future. Over the past several months I have been participating on behalf of the AFL-CIO in discussions with the Asbestos Study Group, interested insurance companies, and other parties on establishment of an administrative system for asbestos compensation.

THE LEGACY OF ASBESTOS

Decades of uncontrolled use of asbestos, even after its hazards were known, have resulted in an occupational disease crisis in the United States and throughout the world of monumental scope. In this country, from 1940 to 1979, 27.5 million workers were occupationally exposed to asbestos in shipyards, manufacturing operations, construction work and a wide range of other industries and occupations; 18.8 million of these having high levels of exposure . As a result hundreds of thousands of workers and their family members have suffered or died of asbestos-related cancers and lung disease, and more than a million more cases are expected. In this year alone, in 2003, almost 10,000 people in the United States are expected to die from asbestos-related diseases. Because of the long lag between exposure and the development of cancer or other asbestos diseases, the asbestos disease epidemic is only now peaking, and will be with us for decades to come. There is no disputing the fact that many have died of asbestos related disease, and many more will die in the future. Everyone here today must agree that a remedy is needed; we now must agree on what remedy is fair and adequate."

Testimony of Dr. Laura S. Welch - Part II

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Asbestos Mesothelioma Compensation Reform Delay in UK

After lobbying from Barrow and Furness MP John Woodcock, victims of the asbestos mesothelioma cancer will initially be exempt from a government's reform to no-win, no-fee legal claims.

The UK government last week angered lords, campaigners and MPs by including victims of the industrial disease in changes which will see successful claimants pay part of their damages to their solicitors (lawyers).

The UK government said the changes were designed to discourage spurious claims, but Mr John Woodcock and other MPs argued asbestos mesothelioma victims should be exempt as a result of the severity of this disease.

Mr. Jonathan Djanogly, justice minister, said there had been careful reflection concerning the sensitivity of the cases of mesothelioma victims.

Mr. Djanogly also said the planned changes wouldn't be introduced for mesothelioma compensation next April but the latter will be.

Mr John Woodcock said: “The UK government proposals on asbestos mesothelioma cases were breathtaking in their lack of sensitivity and arrogance. Mesothelioma cancer is a deadly disease, which hundreds in Barrow and Furness suffer from as a result of their work in the ships building that defended our shores."

"They deserve every penny of mesothelioma compensation they're awarded." said Woodcock "To lump them in as part of a ‘compensation culture’ is absurd!"

Mr. Woodcock also said: “I am pleased that, following their defeat in the crossbench peers and Lords by Labour, ministers finally provide grounds to this issue. Mesothelioma cancer victims will now be excluded from the Jackson reforms to legal aid, which would have seen the costs of their mesothelioma cases being deducted from their compensation. UK ministers have committed to only implementing any changes following a review by the Lord Chancellor into their possible impact on mesothelioma proceedings. We clearly still have to be vigilant, because the threat of docking compensation has not entirely gone away, however i'm happy that we've at least secured this pause.”

Since 1981, from the mesothelioma cancer, 197 victims in Barrow and Furness, 42 victims in Copeland and 59 victims in South Lakeland have died, according to figures from the HSE (Health and Safety executive). Health and Safety executive is the national independent watchdog for work-related safety, health and illness.

If you or a loved one has been recently diagnosed with mesothelioma cancer, you can file a mesothelioma lawsuit. Find experienced law firm and/or mesothelioma attorneys in our directory or look some of experienced asbestos lawyer profiles.

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Frequently Asked Questions About Asbestos in Schools

1. What is asbestos?
Asbestos is the name given to a number of naturally occurring fibrous minerals that are mined for their useful properties such as thermal insulation, chemical and thermal stability, and high tensile strength.


2. What are the health effects of asbestos exposure?
Asbestos exposure can lead to diseases such as lung cancer, asbestosis (lung scarring), and mesothelioma (cancer of the lung cavity lining). There is a long latency period for these diseases. It could be 30 years after exposure before symptoms of disease begin.


3. Is there asbestos in my child’s school?
It is very possible that there is asbestos in you child’s school. Asbestos can be found in various places within schools. Friable asbestos, or asbestos that can be broken by hand pressure, is of greatest concern because these fibers can most easily be released into the air and inhaled into the lungs. Examples of potentially hazardous materials include: friable asbestos-containing boiler wrap, pipe wrap insulation, ceiling tiles, and wallboard.


4. Is it dangerous to have asbestos containing material in my school?
Not necessarily. Undamaged asbestos that is properly managed in place poses little health risk to students or teachers. However, it is important that the proper school designated authorities regularly inspect asbestos containing materials to ensure they remain intact. Asbestos can pose a hazard to students, teachers, and school employees when it is disturbed and becomes airborne and therefore breathable. It has been EPA’s long-standing policy that undamaged non-friable asbestos is best left undisturbed and managed in place. Removing asbestos often has the potential to create a greater health risk than leaving it undisturbed.


5. I thought asbestos was banned and then removed from schools years ago?
Asbestos products, with few exceptions, are not currently banned in the United States and are still “managed-in-place” in thousands of schools nationwide under requirements set forth by the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA). It is possible that asbestos containing materials were completely removed from your school. It is, however, more likely that asbestos is currently managed in place within your school.


6. If my children have been in a building with asbestos, do they need to see a physician?
or If I taught in a building with asbestos, do I need to see a physician?
Not necessarily. Asbestos does not pose a health risk if it is managed properly. However, if you feel you may have been exposed to asbestos fibers in the air, you should consult with a physician that specializes in lung disorders or occupational exposures.


7. Is the school district required to do anything about asbestos-in-schools?
Yes. AHERA, or the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act, was passed by Congress in 1986. AHERA requires public school districts and nonprofit private schools to inspect their schools for asbestos containing building material and prepare management plans which recommend the best way to reduce the hazard from any asbestos that may be present. Options include repairing damaged asbestos containing material, spraying it with sealants, enclosing it, removing it, or keeping it in good condition so that it does not release fibers. The plans must be developed by accredited management planners and approved by the State. The school authority must notify parent, teacher and employer organizations of the plans, and then the plans must be implemented. The school district must also perform periodic surveillance of asbestos containing material every 6 months in its schools. AHERA also requires accreditation of abatement designers, contractor supervisors and workers, building inspectors, and school management plan writers.


8. What is an asbestos management plan?
An asbestos management plan is required to provide documentation of the recommended asbestos response actions, the location of asbestos within the school, and any action taken to repair or remove the material. The school authority must maintain records to be included in the Asbestos Management Plan. These records include among other things:

List of the name and address of each school building and whether the building has asbestos containing building material, and what type of asbestos-containing material.
Date of the original school inspection.
The plan for re-inspections.
A blueprint that clearly identifies the location of asbestos-containing building material that remains in the school.
A description of any response action or preventive measures taken to reduce asbestos exposure.
A copy of the analysis of any building material, and the name and address of any laboratory that sampled the material.
The name, address, and telephone number of the “designated person” to ensure the duties of the local education agency (LEA) are carried out.
A description of steps taken to inform workers, teachers, and students or their legal guardians about inspections, re-inspections, response actions, and periodic surveillance.


9. Do I have the right as a teacher or employee to access my school’s management plan?
Yes. Parents, teachers, and school employees, or their representatives, have the right to inspect the school’s asbestos management plan. The school must make the plan available within a reasonable amount of time.


10. Does this management plan have to be updated periodically?
Yes. The asbestos management plan must be updated with information collected during periodic surveillance every 6 months, re-inspections every 3 years, and every time a response action is taken within the school. Also, records of annual notifications to parents, teachers, and staff concerning the availability of the school’s asbestos management plan must be included within the asbestos management plan files.


11. Does my school district have to inform me of asbestos that is in my school building?
Yes. Schools are required to notify parent-teacher organizations once a year about the availability of the school’s asbestos management plan and of any asbestos abatement activity taking place within the school.


12. Was my school required to be inspected for asbestos?
Yes, unless the building architect certified in writing that no asbestos materials were used in the building’s manufacture. The results of the inspections and all re-inspections, required every three years, are contained within the schools asbestos management plan. A copy of the asbestos management plan is required to be housed in the school’s administrative office.


13. Does my school district/local education agency know where the asbestos in its schools is located?
They are required to know and to describe where the material is located on a blueprint diagram of the school building(s).


14. Who is responsible for overseeing the management of asbestos in a school building?
The school district/ local education agency must nominate a “designated person” to perform and delegate, if necessary, the management of asbestos in a school building.


15. How can we have the air tested in my school?
AHERA only requires testing following an asbestos repair or removal activity to determine whether the activity has been properly completed. This is done by measuring the amount of asbestos in the air where the repair or removal activity has taken place. However, the educational authority, e.g., the school district, may hire a qualified consultant to test its air at any time.


16. I have seen the janitor machine-cleaning the floor tile in our school. Should I be worried that these machines will degrade the tiles and create a hazard?
Machine-cleaning of floor tile can be part of a good maintenance program for asbestos-containing floor tiles, as long as the machine is operated properly and the tiles are not in poor condition. EPA has issued special guidance on the proper maintenance of asbestos-containing floor tiles, the guidance is available from the TSCA Hotline at (202) 554-1404. Undamaged, well maintained floor tiles present little risk to students, teachers, and school staff.


17. Who is responsible for enforcing the asbestos-in-schools regulations?
EPA is the primary governmental agency responsible for enforcing the regulations promulgated under AHERA. However, if your State has been issued a wavier, the State agency is responsible for enforcing the requirements. These states are: Connecticut, Colorado, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Texas, and Utah.


18. Who can I call to report a suspected asbestos
You can report violations by contacting your EPA regional asbestos coordinator listed at http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/regioncontact.html, or by calling the Asbestos Ombudsman at: 1-800-368-5888.


19. What is EPA doing now about asbestos-in-schools?
EPA will provide local education agencies and parents and teachers with information about the AHERA asbestos-in-schools requirements. A new website has been launched, documents have been updated, and a partnership developed with the National Parent-Teacher Association (PTA), the National Education Association (NEA), and the Department of Education.


20. Where can I obtain more information about the asbestos-in-schools regulations?
You can visit our website at http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/asbestos_in_schools.html or call the TSCA Hotline at: 202-554-1404.


Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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Asbestos in Your Home

The following information below is taken largely from a document developed in 1990 entitled Asbestos in Your Home. However, this information is still of value to homeowners and renters. Hard copies of the 1990 document are available from the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Assistance Information Service at 202-554-1404, or from the Asbestos Ombudsman at 1-800-368-5888. Note: EPA is currently revising the original document.


What Is Asbestos?
Asbestos is a mineral fiber. It can be positively identified only with a special type of microscope. There are several types of asbestos fibers. In the past, asbestos was added to a variety of products to strengthen them and to provide heat insulation and fire resistance.


How Can Asbestos Affect My Health?
From studies of people who were exposed to asbestos in factories and shipyards, we know that breathing high levels of asbestos fibers can lead to an increased risk of:

lung cancer;
mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the chest and the abdominal cavity; and
asbestosis, in which the lungs become scarred with fibrous tissue.
The risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma increases with the number of fibers inhaled. The risk of lung cancer from inhaling asbestos fibers is also greater if you smoke. People who get asbestosis have usually been exposed to high levels of asbestos for a long time. The symptoms of these diseases do not usually appear until about 20 to 30 years after the first exposure to asbestos.

Most people exposed to small amounts of asbestos, as we all are in our daily lives, do not develop these health problems. However, if disturbed, asbestos material may release asbestos fibers, which can be inhaled into the lungs. The fibers can remain there for a long time, increasing the risk of disease. Asbestos material that would crumble easily if handled, or that has been sawed, scraped, or sanded into a powder, is more likely to create a health hazard.

Read more information about asbestos and its health effects.

Where Can I Find Asbestos And When Can It Be A Problem?
Most products made today do not contain asbestos. Those few products made which still contain asbestos that could be inhaled are required to be labeled as such. However, until the 1970s, many types of building products and insulation materials used in homes contained asbestos. Common products that might have contained asbestos in the past, and conditions which may release fibers, include:

STEAM PIPES, BOILERS, and FURNACE DUCTS insulated with an asbestos blanket or asbestos paper tape. These materials may release asbestos fibers if damaged, repaired, or removed improperly.

RESILIENT FLOOR TILES (vinyl asbestos, asphalt, and rubber), the backing on VINYL SHEET FLOORING, and ADHESIVES used for installing floor tile. Sanding tiles can release fibers. So may scraping or sanding the backing of sheet flooring during removal.

CEMENT SHEET, MILLBOARD, and PAPER used as insulation around furnaces and woodburning stoves. Repairing or removing appliances may release asbestos fibers. So may cutting, tearing, sanding, drilling or sawing insulation.

DOOR GASKETS in furnaces, wood stoves, and coal stoves. Worn seals can release asbestos fibers during use.

SOUNDPROOFING OR DECORATIVE MATERIAL sprayed on walls and ceilings. Loose, crumbly, or water-damaged material may release fibers. So will sanding, drilling or scraping the material.

PATCHING AND JOINT COMPOUNDS for walls and ceilings, and TEXTURED PAINTS. Sanding, scraping, or drilling these surfaces may release asbestos.

ASBESTOS CEMENT ROOFING, SHINGLES, and SIDING. These products are not likely to release asbestos fibers unless sawed, drilled or cut.

ARTIFICIAL ASHES AND EMBERS sold for use in gas-fired fireplaces. Also, other older household products such as FIREPROOF GLOVES, STOVE-TOP PADS, IRONING BOARD COVERS, and certain HAIRDRYERS.

AUTOMOBILE BRAKE PADS AND LININGS, CLUTCH FACINGS, and GASKETS.


Examples of Where Asbestos Hazards May Be Found In The Home

Some roofing and siding shingles are made of asbestos cement.

Houses built between 1930 and 1950 may have asbestos as insulation.

Attic and wall insulation produced using vermiculite ore, particularly ore that originated from a Libby, Montana mine, may contain asbestos fibers. Vermiculite was mined in Libby, Montana between 1923 and 1990. Prior to its close in 1990, much of the world's supply of vermiculite came from the Libby mine. This mine had a natural deposit of asbestos which resulted in the vermiculite being contaminated with asbestos. (See EPA's 2003 brochure on Current Best Practices for Vermiculite Attic Insulation).

Asbestos may be present in textured paint and in patching compounds used on wall and ceiling joints. Their use was banned in 1977.

Artificial ashes and embers sold for use in gas-fired fireplaces may contain asbestos.

Older products such as stove-top pads may have some asbestos compounds.

Walls and floors around woodburning stoves may be protected with asbestos paper, millboard, or cement sheets.

Asbestos is found in some vinyl floor tiles and the backing on vinyl sheet flooring and adhesives.

Hot water and steam pipes in older houses may be coated with an asbestos material or covered with an asbestos blanket or tape.

Oil and coal furnaces and door gaskets may have asbestos insulation.



What Should Be Done About Asbestos In The Home?
If you think asbestos may be in your home, don't panic. Usually the best thing is to leave asbestos material that is in good condition alone.

Generally, material in good condition will not release asbestos fibers.

Check material regularly if you suspect it may contain asbestos. Don't touch it, but look for signs of wear or damage such as tears, abrasions, or water damage. Damaged material may release asbestos fibers. This is particularly true if you often disturb it by hitting, rubbing, or handling it, or if it is exposed to extreme vibration or air flow.

Sometimes the best way to deal with slightly damaged material is to limit access to the area and not touch or disturb it. Discard damaged or worn asbestos gloves, stove-top pads, or ironing board covers. Check with local health, environmental, or other appropriate officials to find out proper handling and disposal procedures.

If asbestos material is more than slightly damaged, or if you are going to make changes in your home that might disturb it, repair or removal by a professional is needed. Before you have your house remodeled, find out whether asbestos materials are present.



How To Identify Materials That Contain Asbestos
You can't tell whether a material contains asbestos simply by looking at it, unless it is labeled. If in doubt, treat the material as if it contains asbestos or have it sampled and analyzed by a qualified professional. A professional should take samples for analysis, since a professional knows what to look for, and because there may be an increased health risk if fibers are released. In fact, if done incorrectly, sampling can be more hazardous than leaving the material alone. Taking samples yourself is not recommended. Material that is in good condition and will not be disturbed (by remodeling, for example) should be left alone. Only material that is damaged or will be disturbed should be sampled.



How To Manage An Asbestos Problem
If the asbestos material is in good shape and will not be disturbed, do nothing! If it is a problem, there are two types of corrections: repair and removal.

Repair usually involves either sealing or covering asbestos material.

Sealing (encapsulation) involves treating the material with a sealant that either binds the asbestos fibers together or coats the material so fibers are not released. Pipe, furnace and boiler insulation can sometimes be repaired this way. This should be done only by a professional trained to handle asbestos safely.

Covering (enclosure) involves placing something over or around the material that contains asbestos to prevent release of fibers. Exposed insulated piping may be covered with a protective wrap or jacket.

With any type of repair, the asbestos remains in place. Repair is usually cheaper than removal, but it may make later removal of asbestos, if necessary, more difficult and costly. Repairs can either be major or minor.



Asbestos Do's And Don'ts for the Homeowner
Do keep activities to a minimum in any areas having damaged material that may contain asbestos.

Do take every precaution to avoid damaging asbestos material.

Do have removal and major repair done by people trained and qualified in handling asbestos. It is highly recommended that sampling and minor repair also be done by asbestos professionals.

Don't dust, sweep, or vacuum debris that may contain asbestos.

Don't saw, sand, scrape, or drill holes in asbestos materials.

Don't use abrasive pads or brushes on power strippers to strip wax from asbestos flooring. Never use a power stripper on a dry floor.

Don't sand or try to level asbestos flooring or its backing. When asbestos flooring needs replacing, install new floor covering over it, if possible.

Don't track material that could contain asbestos through the house. If you cannot avoid walking through the area, have it cleaned with a wet mop. If the material is from a damaged area, or if a large area must be cleaned, call an asbestos professional.

Major repairs must be done only by a professional trained in methods for safely handling asbestos.

Minor repairs should also be done by professionals since there is always a risk of exposure to fibers when asbestos is disturbed.

Doing minor repairs yourself is not recommended since improper handling of asbestos materials can create a hazard where none existed.

Removal is usually the most expensive method and, unless required by state or local regulations, should be the last option considered in most situations. This is because removal poses the greatest risk of fiber release. However, removal may be required when remodeling or making major changes to your home that will disturb asbestos material. Also, removal may be called for if asbestos material is damaged extensively and cannot be otherwise repaired. Removal is complex and must be done only by a contractor with special training. Improper removal may actually increase the health risks to you and your family.



Asbestos Professionals: Who Are They and What Can They Do?
Asbestos professionals are trained in handling asbestos material. The type of professional will depend on the type of product and what needs to be done to correct the problem. You may hire a general asbestos contractor or, in some cases, a professional trained to handle specific products containing asbestos.

Asbestos professionals can conduct home inspections, take samples of suspected material, assess its condition, and advise about what corrections are needed and who is qualified to make these corrections. Once again, material in good condition need not be sampled unless it is likely to be disturbed. Professional correction or abatement contractors repair or remove asbestos materials.

Some firms offer combinations of testing, assessment, and correction. A professional hired to assess the need for corrective action should not be connected with an asbestos-correction firm. It is better to use two different firms so there is no conflict of interest. Services vary from one area to another around the country.

The federal government has training courses for asbestos professionals around the country. Some state and local governments also have or require training or certification courses. Ask asbestos professionals to document their completion of federal or state-approved training. Each person performing work in your home should provide proof of training and licensing in asbestos work, such as completion of EPA-approved training. State and local health departments or EPA regional offices may have listings of licensed professionals in your area.

If you have a problem that requires the services of asbestos professionals, check their credentials carefully. Hire professionals who are trained, experienced, reputable, and accredited - especially if accreditation is required by state or local laws. Before hiring a professional, ask for references from previous clients. Find out if they were satisfied. Ask whether the professional has handled similar situations. Get cost estimates from several professionals, as the charges for these services can vary.

Though private homes are usually not covered by the asbestos regulations that apply to schools and public buildings, professionals should still use procedures described during federal or state-approved training. Homeowners should be alert to the chance of misleading claims by asbestos consultants and contractors. There have been reports of firms incorrectly claiming that asbestos materials in homes must be replaced. In other cases, firms have encouraged unnecessary removals or performed them improperly. Unnecessary removals are a waste of money. Improper removals may actually increase the health risks to you and your family. To guard against this, know what services are available and what procedures and precautions are needed to do the job properly.

In addition to general asbestos contractors, you may select a roofing, flooring, or plumbing contractor trained to handle asbestos when it is necessary to remove and replace roofing, flooring, siding, or asbestos-cement pipe that is part of a water system. Normally, roofing and flooring contractors are exempt from state and local licensing requirements because they do not perform any other asbestos-correction work.

Asbestos-containing automobile brake pads and linings, clutch facings, and gaskets should be repaired and replaced only by a professional using special protective equipment. Many of these products are now available without asbestos. For more information, read Current Best Practices for Preventing Asbestos Disease Among Brake and Clutch Repair Workers.



If You Hire A Professional Asbestos Inspector
Make sure that the inspection will include a complete visual examination and the careful collection and lab analysis of samples. If asbestos is present, the inspector should provide a written evaluation describing its location and extent of damage, and give recommendations for correction or prevention.

Make sure an inspecting firm makes frequent site visits if it is hired to assure that a contractor follows proper procedures and requirements. The inspector may recommend and perform checks after the correction to assure the area has been properly cleaned.



If You Hire A Corrective-Action Contractor
Check with your local air pollution control board, the local agency responsible for worker safety, and the Better Business Bureau. Ask if the firm has had any safety violations. Find out if there are legal actions filed against it.

Insist that the contractor use the proper equipment to do the job. The workers must wear approved respirators, gloves, and other protective clothing.

Before work begins, get a written contract specifying the work plan, cleanup, and the applicable federal, state, and local regulations which the contractor must follow (such as notification requirements and asbestos disposal procedures). Contact your state and local health departments, EPA regional office, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration regional office to find out what the regulations are. Be sure the contractor follows local asbestos removal and disposal laws. At the end of the job, get written assurance from the contractor that all procedures have been followed.

Assure that the contractor avoids spreading or tracking asbestos dust into other areas of your home. They should seal the work area from the rest of the house using plastic sheeting and duct tape, and also turn off the heating and air conditioning system. For some repairs, such as pipe insulation removal, plastic glove bags may be adequate. They must be sealed with tape and properly disposed of when the job is complete.

Make sure the work site is clearly marked as a hazard area. Do not allow household members and pets into the area until work is completed.

Insist that the contractor apply a wetting agent to the asbestos material with a hand sprayer that creates a fine mist before removal. Wet fibers do not float in the air as easily as dry fibers and will be easier to clean up.

Make sure the contractor does not break removed material into small pieces. This could release asbestos fibers into the air. Pipe insulation was usually installed in preformed blocks and should be removed in complete pieces.

Upon completion, assure that the contractor cleans the area well with wet mops, wet rags, sponges, or HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) vacuum cleaners. A regular vacuum cleaner must never be used. Wetting helps reduce the chance of spreading asbestos fibers in the air. All asbestos materials and disposable equipment and clothing used in the job must be placed in sealed, leak-proof, and labeled plastic bags. The work site should be visually free of dust and debris. Air monitoring (to make sure there is no increase of asbestos fibers in the air) may be necessary to assure that the contractor's job is done properly. This should be done by someone not connected with the contractor.

Caution!

Do not dust, sweep, or vacuum debris that may contain asbestos. These steps will disturb tiny asbestos fibers and may release them into the air. Remove dust by wet mopping or with a special HEPA vacuum cleaner used by trained asbestos contractors.



More information
To find out whether your state has a training and certification program for asbestos removal contractors, and for information on EPA's asbestos programs, call the EPA at 202-554-1404.

For more information on asbestos identification and control activities, contact the Asbestos Coordinator in the EPA regional office for your region, or your state or local health department.

For more information on asbestos in other consumer products, call the CPSC Hotline or write to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207. The CPSC Hotline has information on certain appliances and products, such as the brands and models of hair dryers that contain asbestos. Call CPSC at 1-800-638-CPSC. A teletypewriter (TTY) for the hearing impaired is available at 1-800-638-8270. The Maryland TTY number is 1-800-492-8104.
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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